Influence of body mass index on treatment of breathing-related sleep disorders

BACKGROUND Breathing-related sleep disorders cover several conditions (isolated snoring, UARS - upper airway resistance syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, hypopnea, obesity hypoventilation syndrome) characterized by a variety of symptoms and complex etiology. The conditions can be successfully treated in most cases. Excessive body mass is a factor increasing the probability of the disorders. In most patients it is the only reason for breathing-related sleep disorders. However, it often coexists with various anatomical abnormalities in the upper airway, endocrinological diseases or genetic defects of the facial skeleton, and occurs more frequently in older people, especially men. Excessive body mass significantly affects the range and success of the treatment. OBJECTIVE To analyze treatment outcome in patients treated at the otolaryngology unit for snoring and related diseases with submucosal tissue reduction within the nasal cavity, pharynx, and soft palate. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients were stratified into three study groups depending on the body mass index (BMI): normal, overweight, and obese. The BMI value was compared to the severity of breathing disorders during sleep, with the incidence of other systemic diseases (e.g., hypertension, diabetes), and with treatment outcome. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The analysis demonstrated a significant influence of body mass on snoring, particularly in complicated and severe types of breathing disorders, such obstructive sleep apnea or hypopnea, and the obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Corrective interventions carried out to eliminate anatomical abnormalities causing obstruction of upper airways provided the best therapeutic effects in patients with normal body mass.